This article investigates recent cybercrime trends in South Africa (2019–2023) and highlights the persistent threats facing the country’s economy and financial markets. Using a systematic literature review organized through the PRISMA framework, the study synthesizes qualitative findings from existing scholarship to provide a comprehensive overview of emerging cyber risks. The review identifies several dominant threats. Crypto ransomware, phishing schemes, and online scams have become increasingly lucrative for cybercriminals, undermining both individuals and institutions. The COVID-19 pandemic intensified these challenges, fueling the spread of misinformation that further destabilized financial markets and public trust. The findings suggest that cybercrime is not only a technical issue but also a significant economic and societal threat. As South Africa’s financial markets expand and digitization accelerates, the article notes a parallel rise in sophisticated cyber threats. Offenders adapt rapidly to new technologies, creating a moving target for defenders. These developments expose vulnerabilities in current security infrastructures and regulatory frameworks, underscoring the urgency for stronger national defenses. The authors emphasize that effective responses require collaboration across multiple stakeholders, including cybersecurity professionals, policymakers, and legislative authorities. Advanced security technologies must be paired with coordinated governance strategies to build resilience against evolving threats. In conclusion, the study positions cybercrime as a pressing national risk for South Africa, with direct implications for financial stability, economic growth, and public confidence. The recommendations call for immediate action, stressing that cross-sector partnerships and proactive legal frameworks are essential to mitigating the risks posed by an increasingly complex cybercrime landscape.