Romance Fraud: Its Repercussions on Victims’ Wellbeing
Gauci, Christine; Vella, Mary Grace (2025) — Women & Criminal Justice
Type: Journal Article
Romance fraud refers to deceitful manipulation in which a perpetrator uses a fabricated romantic persona to induce trust and financial or other gain from an unsuspecting partner. The phenomenon unfolds across online dati...
Shifting routines and the industrialisation of scams: the impact of Covid-19 on deception crimes in Hong Kong
Akartuna, Eray Arda; Yeung, Felix Sin Wai; Manning, Matthew; Bish, Alexandre (2025) — Trends in Organized Crime
Type: Journal Article
Country: Hong Kong
Tags: Deception, Fraud, Pig butchering, Romance scams, Covid-19, Hong Kong, Routine Activity Theory, Crime displacement, victim experience, risk factors, measurement, cross-cultural
This study analyzes how the Covid-19 crisis affected deception-related crime in Hong Kong by examining a period from February 2020 to June 2023. The researchers apply an Auto ARIMA time series approach to contrast crime...
Understanding the Characteristics of Pig Butchering Scams: Impact on Victims and Challenges for Law Enforcement in Indonesia
Type: Journal Article
Country: Indonesia
Tags: victim experience, offender tactics, law enforcement, platform policy, money mules, AI misuse, online dating platforms, cross-cultural
The study analyzes the pig-butchering scam, a cyber-enabled form of investment fraud that has expanded rapidly in Indonesia since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Also known as Sha Zhu Pan, this manipulative scheme bl...
Type: Journal Article
Country: Global
Tags: pig-butchering, romance scams, investment fraud, social engineering, cryptocurrency scams, online scams, abuse reports, scam lifecycle, victim experience, law enforcement, platform policy, AI misuse, prevention, measurement, data collection
This piece examines An Explorative Study of Pig Butchering Scams within the broader context of online fraud and mediated communication. It outlines common patterns documented in the literature, describes how offenders cu...
Catfishing, Is it Unregulated Crime in Indonesia?
Shaqilla, Nikita; Reda, Yahia (2024) — Neoclassical Legal Review: Journal of Law and Contemporary Issues
Type: Journal Article
Country: Indonesia
Tags: AI misuse, prevention, cross-cultural
Catfishing is presented as a form of international cybercrime, yet it lacks a clear definition within Indonesia’s national legal framework. The practice involves using false identities on the internet and can be treated...
Crypto Romance Scams and Pig Butchering
Scharfman, Jason (2024) — The Cryptocurrency and Digital Asset Fraud Casebook, Volume II
Type: Book Chapter
Country: United States
Tags: money mules, AI misuse
This chapter provides a neutral overview of crypto romance scams and pig butchering, placing them within a broader history of online fraud. The opening sections trace the historical thread of romance- and advance-fee sch...
More Than Just a “Bad” Online Experience: Risk Factors and Characteristics of Catfishing Fraud Victimization
This study examines the relatively underexplored area of catfishing victimization—cases where individuals are deceived online but not necessarily defrauded financially. Using survey data from 1,511 social media and datin...
Pig Butchering in Cybersecurity: A Modern Social Engineering Threat
L. Burton, Dr. Sharon; D. (Vickerson) Moore, Dr. Pamela (2024) — SocioEconomic Challenges
Type: Journal Article
Country: United States
Tags: victim experience, psychology, law enforcement, platform policy, AI misuse, online dating platforms, social engineering, risk factors, prevention, measurement, cross-cultural
Pig butchering represents an expanding cybersecurity threat that relies on social engineering to establish trust and execute financial fraud. The relevance of this issue lies in the growing frequency and sophistication o...
Romance Scam as one of the main Challenges of cybercrime
Khukhunaishvili, Dina (2024)
Type: Article
Romance scams are a form of cybercrime in which a perpetrator cultivates a personal relationship with a target through online platforms, with the aim of financial gain or theft of sensitive information. The pattern typic...
The charade of discreetness: Exploring the paradoxical lifestyles of romance fraudsters
Barnor, J. (2024) — Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling
Type: Journal Article
Country: Ghana
Tags: law enforcement, AI misuse, prevention, measurement
This article investigates the mechanisms that shape why romance fraud perpetrators publicly display wealth, a line of inquiry that has received limited attention in prior research. The study gathered data through semi-st...
Romance Scam Research Center (RSRC)
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