Shifting routines and the industrialisation of scams: the impact of Covid-19 on deception crimes in Hong Kong
Akartuna, Eray Arda; Yeung, Felix Sin Wai; Manning, Matthew; Bish, Alexandre (2025) — Trends in Organized Crime
Type: Journal Article
Country: Hong Kong
Tags: Deception, Fraud, Pig butchering, Romance scams, Covid-19, Hong Kong, Routine Activity Theory, Crime displacement, victim experience, risk factors, measurement, cross-cultural
This study analyzes how the Covid-19 crisis affected deception-related crime in Hong Kong by examining a period from February 2020 to June 2023. The researchers apply an Auto ARIMA time series approach to contrast crime...
The Deceptive Allure: Understanding and Combating Cryptocurrency Pig Butchering Scams
Krause, David (2025) — SSRN Electronic Journal
Type: Journal Article
The Deceptive Allure: Understanding and Combating Cryptocurrency Pig Butchering Scams provides a neutral, catalog-style examination of a form of online fraud that has emerged within cryptocurrency ecosystems. The work de...
Understanding the Characteristics of Pig Butchering Scams: Impact on Victims and Challenges for Law Enforcement in Indonesia
Type: Journal Article
Country: Indonesia
Tags: victim experience, offender tactics, law enforcement, platform policy, money mules, AI misuse, online dating platforms, cross-cultural
The study analyzes the pig-butchering scam, a cyber-enabled form of investment fraud that has expanded rapidly in Indonesia since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Also known as Sha Zhu Pan, this manipulative scheme bl...
“Why did I fall for it?” Exploring internet fraud susceptibility in the pig butchering scam
Pig butchering scam, known also as Sha Zhu Pan or 杀猪盘, represents a contemporary form of online fraud that initially targeted Asian victims. With the expansion of Southeast Asian fraud networks, the scheme has achieve...
A Sinister Fattening: Dissecting the Tales of Pig Butchering and Other Cryptocurrency Scams
Ordekian, Marilyne; Papasavva, Antonis; Mariconti, Enrico; Vasek, Marie (2024) — 2024 APWG Symposium on Electronic Crime Research (eCrime)
Type: Proceedings Article
Country: United Kingdom
This catalog entry surveys pig butchering scams within cryptocurrency ecosystems and related fraud schemes as discussed at the 2024 APWG Symposium on Electronic Crime Research (eCrime). The focus is a broad examination o...
Type: Journal Article
Country: Global
Tags: pig-butchering, romance scams, investment fraud, social engineering, cryptocurrency scams, online scams, abuse reports, scam lifecycle, victim experience, law enforcement, platform policy, AI misuse, prevention, measurement, data collection
This piece examines An Explorative Study of Pig Butchering Scams within the broader context of online fraud and mediated communication. It outlines common patterns documented in the literature, describes how offenders cu...
Analysis of "Pig-Butchering Scam" Type of Network Fraud from the Legal Perspective
Fu, Zhenglang (2024) — Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media
Type: Journal Article
Country: China
Tags: victim experience, AI misuse
This paper examines pig-butchering scams (Sha Zhu Pan) from a legal perspective, focusing on their causes, operation, challenges for China’s legal system, and possible countermeasures. Pig-butchering scams are distinguis...
Are fraud victims nothing more than animals? Critiquing the propagation of “pig butchering” (Sha Zhu Pan, 杀猪盘)
Whittaker, Jack M.; Lazarus, Suleman; Corcoran, Taidgh (2024) — Journal of Economic Criminology
Type: Journal Article
Country: United Kingdom
The article explores the growing phenomenon of romance scams as a particularly harmful form of cybercrime that exploits emotional vulnerability for financial gain. The authors position romance scams within the wider land...
Bi-Directional Exploitation of Human Trafficking Victims: Both Targets and Perpetrators in Cybercrime
Sarkar, Gargi; Shukla, Sandeep K. (2024) — Journal of Human Trafficking
Type: Journal Article
Country: Global
Tags: cybercrime, human trafficking, cyber-enabled trafficking, romance scams, pig butchering, transnational organized crime, policy and law enforcement, SEZs and cross-border crime
Bi-Directional Exploitation of Human Trafficking Victims: Both Targets and Perpetrators in Cybercrime is presented as a scholarly entry in the Journal of Human Trafficking that situates trafficking within cybercrime ecos...
Connecting Chinese and American Scam Victims examines how fraud experiences are shaped by cross-cultural and cross-border contexts, focusing on victimization in two national settings. The work surveys how digital platfor...
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