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Living Evidence Synthesis

Revision history

Attack Methods and Offender Strategies

Approved public versions are listed newest first. Drafts, unsuccessful generation attempts, and versions not yet published through this Research Insight are excluded.

Approved public versions

  1. Version 3

    Initial version. No prior synthesis updates were provided for comparison; this document presents a first integrated evidence synthesis of the reviewed corpus.

    • Publications: 20 (-27)
    • Evidence statements: 247 (-156)
    • Cited sources: 20 (-27)

    Sources added: A crime script perspective on mapping the entry, continuation, and exit pathways of online romance fraud; Bi-Directional Exploitation of Human Trafficking Victims: Both Targets and Perpetrators in Cybercrime; Scam Techniques in Pig Butchering Scams: Case Study; The Scammers Persuasive Techniques Model: Development of a Stage Model to Explain the Online Dating Romance Scam.

    Sources removed: Amor, dependencia y aislamiento: El impacto psicológico del romance scam; Analysis of "Pig-Butchering Scam" Type of Network Fraud from the Legal Perspective; A new type of victim? Profiling survivors of modern slavery in the online scam industry in Southeast Asia; Beyond Dollars: Unveiling the Deeper Layers of Online Romance Scams Introducing “Body Scam”; and 27 more.

  2. Version 2

    Initial version: consolidates and synthesizes the supplied reviewed evidence on offender tactics, grooming, deception scripts, payment channels (including pig‑butchering), offender organization, and methodological strengths/limitations. No prior version comparisons were provided; this is therefore the first synthesis for this controlled topic using the supplied evidence.

    • Publications: 47 (-111)
    • Evidence statements: 403 (-531)
    • Cited sources: 47 (+19)

    Sources added: Analysis of "Pig-Butchering Scam" Type of Network Fraud from the Legal Perspective; Analysis of a Cryptocurrency Investment Scam: Pig Butchering; Analyzing the Evolving Modus Operandi of Romance Scams via Court Judgments: Crime Script and Policy Implications; A new type of victim? Profiling survivors of modern slavery in the online scam industry in Southeast Asia; and 30 more.

    Sources removed: Análisis Jurídico del Catfishing en Transacciones de Comercio Telemático en Ecuador: Desafíos y Soluciones en el Contexto de la Seguridad Cibernética; Digital Desires, Real Losses: The Complex World of Online Romance Fraud; Factors Influencing Involvement in Cyber-Frauds in West Africa and the Implications for Policy; Hello Pretty, Hello Handsome!: Exploring the Menace of Online Dating and Romance Scam in Africa; and 11 more.

  3. Version 1

    This is the initial version of the synthesis. It aggregates and interprets the supplied reviewed evidence, aligning claims with specific evidence IDs and outlining areas of agreement, disagreement, uncertainty, and gaps as supported by the cited studies.

    • Publications: 158
    • Evidence statements: 934
    • Cited sources: 28
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