Living Evidence Synthesis
Revision history
Grooming and Trust Development
Approved public versions are listed newest first. Drafts, unsuccessful generation attempts, and versions not yet published through this Research Insight are excluded.
Approved public versions
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Version 103
Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 1. Initial version. This synthesis reproduces the audited protected passages verbatim where required and limits other claims to statements directly supported by the supplied evidence records. It narrows or omits prior meta‑claims and recommendations that were not explicitly documented in the provided evidence and highlights evidence gaps and methodological limits only where the attached records explicitly identify them.
- Publications: 29 (+3)
- Evidence statements: 124 (+2)
- Cited sources: 29 (+3)
Sources added: Analysis of a Cryptocurrency Investment Scam: Pig Butchering; Distort, Extort, Deceive and Exploit: Exploring the Inner Workings of a Romance Fraud; Exploring the roles played by trust and technology in the online investment fraud victimisation process; How Do Crypto Flows Finance Slavery? The Economics of Pig Butchering; and 4 more.
Sources removed: Hyperpersonal feedback and online romance fraud: an empirical examination; The Emerging Trends of Online Romance Fraud in the Era of Artificial Intelligence; The Role of Love stories in Romance Scams: A Qualitative Analysis of Fraudulent Profiles; Understanding Romance Fraud: Insights From Domestic Violence Research; and 1 more.
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Version 102
Initial version: This synthesis is the first compiled evidence synthesis for the controlled topic using the supplied reviewed evidence. It consolidates stage models, interactional mechanisms, linguistic features, organizational findings (including pig‑butchering), victim harms, and explicitly reported methodological limitations and research gaps, and it cites only those reviewed records that directly support each material claim.
- Publications: 26 (-7)
- Evidence statements: 122 (-5)
- Cited sources: 26 (-7)
Sources added: Emotional and financial costs of online dating scam: A phenomenological narrative of the experiences of victims of Nigerian romance fraudsters; Modus Operandi and Blockchain Analysis of Romance Scams: Cryptocurrency-Driven Victimization; More than Money: Examining the Potential Exposure of Romance Fraud Victims to Identity Crime; Romance Scam: Victim Manipulation and Human Trafficking; and 8 more.
Sources removed: Analysis of a Cryptocurrency Investment Scam: Pig Butchering; A Research on False Pragmatic Identity Construction in Telecom Network Dating Scam; Examining fifty cases of convicted online romance fraud offenders; Fraudsters target the elderly: Behavioural evidence from randomised controlled scam-baiting experiments; and 15 more.
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Version 101
Automated claim-level support repair round 1, correcting 7 passages from synthesis version 100.
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Version 100
Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 1. Initial version. This synthesis reproduces mandated protected passages verbatim where required and integrates additional reviewed evidence to structure sections on staging, persuasive language, credibility management, victim harms, operational variants (including pig-butchering), methodological patterns, and prioritized future work. No prior-version edits were applied; this is a complete replacement.
- Publications: 33 (-4)
- Evidence statements: 127 (-15)
- Cited sources: 33 (-4)
Sources added: A Research on False Pragmatic Identity Construction in Telecom Network Dating Scam; Meeting the Challenges of Fraud in a Digital World; “They just say how stupid I was for being conned”. Cyberscams and acquired brain injury: A qualitative exploration of the lived experience of survivors and close others.
Sources removed: (Mis)Understanding the Impact of Online Fraud: Implications for Victim Assistance Schemes; Automatically Dismantling Online Dating Fraud; Grooming in online dating romance frauds and scams: A scoping review; The Scammers Persuasive Techniques Model: Development of a Stage Model to Explain the Online Dating Romance Scam; and 3 more.
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Version 99
Initial version.
- Publications: 37 (+11)
- Evidence statements: 142 (+31)
- Cited sources: 37 (+11)
Sources added: (Mis)Understanding the Impact of Online Fraud: Implications for Victim Assistance Schemes; Automatically Dismantling Online Dating Fraud; Examining fifty cases of convicted online romance fraud offenders; Fraudsters target the elderly: Behavioural evidence from randomised controlled scam-baiting experiments; and 16 more.
Sources removed: Distort, Extort, Deceive and Exploit: Exploring the Inner Workings of a Romance Fraud; Exploring Fear of Crime for Those Targeted by Romance Fraud; How Do Crypto Flows Finance Slavery? The Economics of Pig Butchering; Modus Operandi and Blockchain Analysis of Romance Scams: Cryptocurrency-Driven Victimization; and 5 more.
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Version 98
Automated claim-level support repair round 1, correcting 3 passages from synthesis version 97.
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Version 97
Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 1. Initial version. This is the first evidence‑synthesis replacement produced under the audit constraints. The synthesis preserves five previously audited, approved verbatim passages (the multi‑stage sequence; the list of persuasive devices; the pig‑butchering investment sequence; the worker‑mediated industrialization statement; and the barriers to recognition and reporting) with their exact required evidence IDs. Other claims and summaries were adjus...
- Publications: 26 (-5)
- Evidence statements: 111 (-16)
- Cited sources: 26 (-5)
Sources added: How Do Crypto Flows Finance Slavery? The Economics of Pig Butchering.
Sources removed: A systematic literature review of profiling victims of cyber scams: setting up a framework for future research; Examining fifty cases of convicted online romance fraud offenders; HeartGuard VR: Immersive Romance Scam Education; The Language of Romance Crimes; and 2 more.
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Version 96
Initial version: no prior synthesis changes to report.
- Publications: 31 (-8)
- Evidence statements: 127 (-32)
- Cited sources: 31 (-8)
Sources added: A systematic literature review of profiling victims of cyber scams: setting up a framework for future research; Compound Capitalism: A Political Economy of Southeast Asia’s Online Scam Operations; Exploring Fear of Crime for Those Targeted by Romance Fraud; Modus Operandi and Blockchain Analysis of Romance Scams: Cryptocurrency-Driven Victimization; and 7 more.
Sources removed: Analysis of "Pig-Butchering Scam" Type of Network Fraud from the Legal Perspective; Digital Desires, Real Losses: The Complex World of Online Romance Fraud; Drug mule for love; How Do Crypto Flows Finance Slavery? The Economics of Pig Butchering; and 15 more.
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Version 95
Automated claim-level support repair round 1, correcting 8 passages from synthesis version 94.
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Version 94
Initial version: This synthesis is the initial version and integrates the supplied reviewed evidence. No prior evidence changes are being reported.
- Publications: 39 (+6)
- Evidence statements: 159 (+41)
- Cited sources: 39 (+6)
Sources added: Analysis of "Pig-Butchering Scam" Type of Network Fraud from the Legal Perspective; A Study on Romance Scam : The Current Situation and Effective Countermeasures; Digital Desires, Real Losses: The Complex World of Online Romance Fraud; Distort, Extort, Deceive and Exploit: Exploring the Inner Workings of a Romance Fraud; and 15 more.
Sources removed: Addressing Cyberscams and Acquired Brain Injury (“I Desperately Need to Know What to Do”): Qualitative Exploration of Clinicians’ and Service Providers’ Perspectives; Analyzing the Evolving Modus Operandi of Romance Scams via Court Judgments: Crime Script and Policy Implications; LOVE SCAMS ISSUES IN MALAYSIA: HOW TO OVERCOME IT FROM AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE; Modus Operandi and Blockchain Analysis of Romance Scams: Cryptocurrency-Driven Victimization; and 9 more.