Living Evidence Synthesis
Revision history
Platform and Law-Enforcement Responses
Approved public versions are listed newest first. Drafts, unsuccessful generation attempts, and versions not yet published through this Research Insight are excluded.
Approved public versions
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Version 13
Automated claim-level support repair round 1, correcting 3 passages from synthesis version 12.
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Version 12
Initial version. This synthesis consolidates reviewed evidence on platform and law‑enforcement responses to romance and crypto‑enabled (pig‑butchering) fraud; no prior synthesis changes are being tracked.
- Publications: 31 (+6)
- Evidence statements: 203 (+33)
- Cited sources: 31 (+6)
Sources added: An Anatomy of ‘Pig Butchering Scams’: Chinese Victims’ and Police Officers’ Perspectives; Are fraud victims nothing more than animals? Critiquing the propagation of “pig butchering” (Sha Zhu Pan, 杀猪盘); Catfishing, Is it Unregulated Crime in Indonesia?; Fraud as Legitimate Retribution for Colonial Injustice: Neutralization Techniques in Interviews with Police and Online Romance Fraud Offenders; and 10 more.
Sources removed: A Study on Romance Scam : The Current Situation and Effective Countermeasures; Bi-Directional Exploitation of Human Trafficking Victims: Both Targets and Perpetrators in Cybercrime; E-Marketing: Utilizing Social Media and Marketplaces to Start Businesses for Online Love Scam Victims in Indonesia; Hook, line, and sinker: the mechanics of fraud; and 4 more.
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Version 11
Automated claim-level support repair round 2, correcting 1 passage from synthesis version 10.
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Version 10
Automated claim-level support repair round 1, correcting 2 passages from synthesis version 9.
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Version 9
Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 1. Initial version: this is the first complete synthesis created from the supplied reviewed-evidence records. It reproduces and preserves the audit-protected summary passages verbatim where specified, and it restricts paragraph-level claims to the exact evidence records that directly support them as required by the audit. No prior-version evidence additions or removals apply because this is the initial assembled version.
- Publications: 25 (-6)
- Evidence statements: 170 (-27)
- Cited sources: 25 (-6)
Sources removed: A Juridical Review of Love Scam Crimes from the Perspective of Criminal Law and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law in Indonesia; Open Access: The Use of Military Profiles in Romance Fraud Schemes; Paradoks Hukum Rekayasa Sosial Pig Butchering Scam Dalam Investasi Digital Aset Kripto; Romance Scam Victimization: A Survey-Based Examination of Financial, Psychological, and Reporting Factors; and 2 more.
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Version 8
Initial version: this synthesis is the first version and integrates the supplied reviewed evidence records. No prior-version evidence changes apply.
- Publications: 31 (-2)
- Evidence statements: 197 (+11)
- Cited sources: 31 (-2)
Sources added: A Juridical Review of Love Scam Crimes from the Perspective of Criminal Law and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law in Indonesia; Analysis of "Pig-Butchering Scam" Type of Network Fraud from the Legal Perspective; Análisis Jurídico del Catfishing en Transacciones de Comercio Telemático en Ecuador: Desafíos y Soluciones en el Contexto de la Seguridad Cibernética; E-Marketing: Utilizing Social Media and Marketplaces to Start Businesses for Online Love Scam Victims in Indonesia; and 8 more.
Sources removed: A scoping review of online romance scams: Conceptual construction and comparative analysis; Expectations vs reality: Responding to online fraud across the fraud justice network; Law Enforcement Against Perpetrators Of Romance Fraud In Cyberspace; Love, Lies, and Larceny: One Hundred Convicted Case Files of Cybercriminals with Eighty Involving Online Romance Fraud; and 10 more.
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Version 7
Automated claim-level support repair of 3 passages from synthesis version 6.
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Version 6
Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 2. Initial version.
- Publications: 33 (-2)
- Evidence statements: 186 (-11)
- Cited sources: 33 (-2)
Sources removed: Examining fifty cases of convicted online romance fraud offenders; Using artificial intelligence (AI) and deepfakes to deceive victims: the need to rethink current romance fraud prevention messaging.
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Version 5
Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 1. Initial version.
- Publications: 35 (-12)
- Evidence statements: 197 (-97)
- Cited sources: 35 (-12)
Sources removed: A Juridical Review of Love Scam Crimes from the Perspective of Criminal Law and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law in Indonesia; Analysis of "Pig-Butchering Scam" Type of Network Fraud from the Legal Perspective; Anatomy of the online dating romance scam; Catfishing – jako przejaw przestępstwa kradzieży tożsamości; and 8 more.
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Version 4
Initial version based on the supplied reviewed evidence. No prior-version evidence changes to report.
- Publications: 47 (+14)
- Evidence statements: 294 (+98)
- Cited sources: 47 (+14)
Sources added: A Juridical Review of Love Scam Crimes from the Perspective of Criminal Law and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law in Indonesia; Analysis of a Cryptocurrency Investment Scam: Pig Butchering; An Examination of Digital Validation-Seeking Behaviors in Adolescents as Precursors to Romance Scamming; Automatically Dismantling Online Dating Fraud; and 27 more.
Sources removed: A crime script perspective on mapping the entry, continuation, and exit pathways of online romance fraud; Amor, dependencia y aislamiento: El impacto psicológico del romance scam; Analyzing the Evolving Modus Operandi of Romance Scams via Court Judgments: Crime Script and Policy Implications; Análisis Jurídico del Catfishing en Transacciones de Comercio Telemático en Ecuador: Desafíos y Soluciones en el Contexto de la Seguridad Cibernética; and 13 more.