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Living Evidence Synthesis

Revision history

Platform and Law-Enforcement Responses

Approved public versions are listed newest first. Drafts, unsuccessful generation attempts, and versions not yet published through this Research Insight are excluded.

Approved public versions

  1. Version 21

    Automated claim-level support repair round 1, correcting 2 passages from synthesis version 20.

  2. Version 20

    Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 1. Initial version.

    • Publications: 32 (-4)
    • Evidence statements: 238 (-4)
    • Cited sources: 32 (-4)

    Sources added: A crime script perspective on mapping the entry, continuation, and exit pathways of online romance fraud; Catfishing on Social Media: A Criminal Law And Islamic Criminal Law Analysis In Jambi.

    Sources removed: An Anatomy of ‘Pig Butchering Scams’: Chinese Victims’ and Police Officers’ Perspectives; Meeting you was a fake: investigating the increase in romance fraud during COVID-19; Online Dating Scam Victims Psychological Impact Analysis; Open Access: The Use of Military Profiles in Romance Fraud Schemes; and 2 more.

  3. Version 19

    Initial version.

    • Publications: 36 (+8)
    • Evidence statements: 242 (+48)
    • Cited sources: 36 (+8)

    Sources added: Analyzing the Evolving Modus Operandi of Romance Scams via Court Judgments: Crime Script and Policy Implications; A scoping review of online romance scams: Conceptual construction and comparative analysis; Butcher or be butchered: understanding the unwitting recruitment by cybercrime groups in China; Catfishing – jako przejaw przestępstwa kradzieży tożsamości; and 8 more.

    Sources removed: More Than Just a “Bad” Online Experience: Risk Factors and Characteristics of Catfishing Fraud Victimization; Online-Dating Romance Scam in Malaysia: An Analysis of Online Conversations between Scammers and Victims; Persuasive Schemes for Financial Exploitation in Online Romance Scam: An Anatomy on Sha Zhu Pan (杀猪盘) in China; Romance Scam: Victim Manipulation and Human Trafficking.

  4. Version 18

    Automated claim-level support repair round 2, correcting 1 passage from synthesis version 17.

  5. Version 17

    Automated claim-level support repair round 1, correcting 4 passages from synthesis version 16.

  6. Version 16

    Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 2. Initial version.

    • Publications: 28 (+1)
    • Evidence statements: 194 (+15)
    • Cited sources: 28 (+1)

    Sources added: Analysis of "Pig-Butchering Scam" Type of Network Fraud from the Legal Perspective; An Examination of Digital Validation-Seeking Behaviors in Adolescents as Precursors to Romance Scamming.

    Sources removed: Romance Scams and Older Adults: A Health and Social Care Perspective.

  7. Version 15

    Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 1. Initial version: this is the first complete replacement synthesis produced for the topic using the supplied reviewed evidence. No prior-version evidence changes are being tracked in this document.

    • Publications: 27 (-1)
    • Evidence statements: 179 (-3)
    • Cited sources: 27 (-1)

    Sources added: Understanding the Nature of the Transnational Scam-Related Fraud: Challenges and Solutions from Vietnam’s Perspective.

    Sources removed: Catfishing on Social Media: A Criminal Law And Islamic Criminal Law Analysis In Jambi; Essays on the Rationality of Online Romance Scammers.

  8. Version 14

    Initial version.

    • Publications: 28 (-3)
    • Evidence statements: 182 (-21)
    • Cited sources: 28 (-3)

    Sources added: Bi-Directional Exploitation of Human Trafficking Victims: Both Targets and Perpetrators in Cybercrime; Catfishing on Social Media: A Criminal Law And Islamic Criminal Law Analysis In Jambi; Essays on the Rationality of Online Romance Scammers; More Than Just a “Bad” Online Experience: Risk Factors and Characteristics of Catfishing Fraud Victimization; and 5 more.

    Sources removed: Analysis of "Pig-Butchering Scam" Type of Network Fraud from the Legal Perspective; An Examination of Digital Validation-Seeking Behaviors in Adolescents as Precursors to Romance Scamming; Are fraud victims nothing more than animals? Critiquing the propagation of “pig butchering” (Sha Zhu Pan, 杀猪盘); Catfishing, Is it Unregulated Crime in Indonesia?; and 8 more.

  9. Version 13

    Automated claim-level support repair round 1, correcting 3 passages from synthesis version 12.

  10. Version 12

    Initial version. This synthesis consolidates reviewed evidence on platform and law‑enforcement responses to romance and crypto‑enabled (pig‑butchering) fraud; no prior synthesis changes are being tracked.

    • Publications: 31 (+6)
    • Evidence statements: 203 (+33)
    • Cited sources: 31 (+6)

    Sources added: An Anatomy of ‘Pig Butchering Scams’: Chinese Victims’ and Police Officers’ Perspectives; Are fraud victims nothing more than animals? Critiquing the propagation of “pig butchering” (Sha Zhu Pan, 杀猪盘); Catfishing, Is it Unregulated Crime in Indonesia?; Fraud as Legitimate Retribution for Colonial Injustice: Neutralization Techniques in Interviews with Police and Online Romance Fraud Offenders; and 10 more.

    Sources removed: A Study on Romance Scam : The Current Situation and Effective Countermeasures; Bi-Directional Exploitation of Human Trafficking Victims: Both Targets and Perpetrators in Cybercrime; E-Marketing: Utilizing Social Media and Marketplaces to Start Businesses for Online Love Scam Victims in Indonesia; Hook, line, and sinker: the mechanics of fraud; and 4 more.

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