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Living Evidence Synthesis

Revision history

Attack Methods and Offender Strategies

Approved public versions are listed newest first. Drafts, unsuccessful generation attempts, and versions not yet published through this Research Insight are excluded.

Approved public versions

  1. Version 84

    Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 1. Initial version: this is the first synthesized, audit‑compliant version produced for the controlled topic. The synthesis reproduces verbatim the five protected, audit‑approved passages and attaches exactly their approved evidence IDs. Unsupported or overstated claims flagged by the independent audit were narrowed or removed; methodological and prevalence assertions were limited to statements directly supported by the cited evidence. Where authors e...

    • Publications: 30 (-11)
    • Evidence statements: 284 (-74)
    • Cited sources: 30 (-11)

    Sources removed: A new type of victim? Profiling survivors of modern slavery in the online scam industry in Southeast Asia; Connecting Chinese and American Scam Victims; Digital Desire and the Cyber Imposter: A Psychoanalytic Reflection on Catfishing; Examining fifty cases of convicted online romance fraud offenders; and 7 more.

  2. Version 83

    Initial version: this synthesis is the first compiled evidence synthesis for the controlled topic using the supplied reviewed evidence. It organizes convergent findings, documents known disagreements and limitations called out in the sources, and lists specific evidence‑stated gaps and future research directions.

    • Publications: 41 (+20)
    • Evidence statements: 358 (+99)
    • Cited sources: 41 (+20)

    Sources added: (Mis)Understanding the Impact of Online Fraud: Implications for Victim Assistance Schemes; Analysis of "Pig-Butchering Scam" Type of Network Fraud from the Legal Perspective; A new type of victim? Profiling survivors of modern slavery in the online scam industry in Southeast Asia; Butcher or be butchered: understanding the unwitting recruitment by cybercrime groups in China; and 21 more.

    Sources removed: A Study on Romance Scam : The Current Situation and Effective Countermeasures; Essays on the Rationality of Online Romance Scammers; Neutralizations, Altercasting, and Online Romance Fraud Victimizations; The Scammers Persuasive Techniques Model: Development of a Stage Model to Explain the Online Dating Romance Scam; and 1 more.

  3. Version 82

    Automated claim-level support repair round 1, correcting 3 passages from synthesis version 81.

  4. Version 81

    Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 2. Initial version: this synthesis is the first evidence‑grounded version produced for the controlled topic using the supplied reviewed evidence. It preserves all auditor‑protected passages verbatim with their exact evidence IDs and incorporates additional supported findings and recommendations only where directly supported by supplied reviewed records. No previously published synthesis was replaced.

    • Publications: 21 (-5)
    • Evidence statements: 259 (-44)
    • Cited sources: 21 (-5)

    Sources removed: Modelling the modus operandi of online romance fraud: Perspectives of online romance fraudsters; Online Romance Scammers; The client’s consent strengthens the ‘Gamers’ hand; The deterrence theory’s perspective of the Internet romance fraudsters.; Understanding Cybercrime in Developing Economies: Insights from Agona Swedru, Ghana; and 1 more.

  5. Version 80

    Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 1. Initial version: This synthesis is the first consolidated evidence‑synthesis replacement created to align reviewed claims with independently audited source support. It reproduces the required protected passages verbatim with their exact evidence IDs and restricts other claims to material directly supported by the supplied evidence. No prior-version evidence records were removed; the synthesis narrows or omits claims the audit identified as unsuppor...

    • Publications: 26 (-6)
    • Evidence statements: 303 (-46)
    • Cited sources: 26 (-6)

    Sources added: Online Romance Scammers; Understanding Cybercrime in Developing Economies: Insights from Agona Swedru, Ghana.

    Sources removed: Adult attachment and online dating deception: a theory modernized; A new type of victim? Profiling survivors of modern slavery in the online scam industry in Southeast Asia; Online-Dating Romance Scam in Malaysia: An Analysis of Online Conversations between Scammers and Victims; Romance Fraud: Its Repercussions on Victims’ Wellbeing; and 4 more.

  6. Version 79

    Initial version: this synthesis is the first compiled version under the supplied reviewed-evidence set. No prior-version evidence changes apply.

    • Publications: 32 (+3)
    • Evidence statements: 349 (+47)
    • Cited sources: 32 (+3)

    Sources added: Adult attachment and online dating deception: a theory modernized; Analysis of a Cryptocurrency Investment Scam: Pig Butchering; Analyzing the Evolving Modus Operandi of Romance Scams via Court Judgments: Crime Script and Policy Implications; Essays on the Rationality of Online Romance Scammers; and 9 more.

    Sources removed: Analysis of "Pig-Butchering Scam" Type of Network Fraud from the Legal Perspective; Bi-Directional Exploitation of Human Trafficking Victims: Both Targets and Perpetrators in Cybercrime; Butcher or be butchered: understanding the unwitting recruitment by cybercrime groups in China; Distort, Extort, Deceive and Exploit: Exploring the Inner Workings of a Romance Fraud; and 6 more.

  7. Version 78

    Automated claim-level support repair round 2, correcting 1 passage from synthesis version 77.

  8. Version 77

    Automated claim-level support repair round 1, correcting 1 passage from synthesis version 76.

  9. Version 76

    Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 2. Initial version: no prior revision changes to compare; this is the first complete synthesis prepared from the supplied reviewed evidence records.

    • Publications: 29 (-2)
    • Evidence statements: 302 (-20)
    • Cited sources: 29 (-2)

    Sources removed: Crypto-Cognitive Exploitation: Integrating Cognitive, Social, and Technological perspectives on cryptocurrency fraud; The Gamification of Online Romance Fraud through Offenders’ Cards.

  10. Version 75

    Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 1. Initial version: this is the first complete evidence synthesis produced for the controlled topic using the supplied reviewed evidence. No material evidence additions or deletions relative to a prior internal draft are reported because this is the initial published synthesis.

    • Publications: 31 (-1)
    • Evidence statements: 322 (-23)
    • Cited sources: 31 (-1)

    Sources added: Bi-Directional Exploitation of Human Trafficking Victims: Both Targets and Perpetrators in Cybercrime; Crypto-Cognitive Exploitation: Integrating Cognitive, Social, and Technological perspectives on cryptocurrency fraud; Examining fifty cases of convicted online romance fraud offenders; The Electronic Spanish Prisoner.

    Sources removed: Modus Operandi and Blockchain Analysis of Romance Scams: Cryptocurrency-Driven Victimization; Online-Dating Romance Scam in Malaysia: An Analysis of Online Conversations between Scammers and Victims; Romance Scam and Legal Interpreting/Translation; The Espouse of Women in the Online Romance Fraud World: Role of Sociocultural Experiences and Digital Technologies; and 1 more.

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