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Living Evidence Synthesis

Revision history

Victim Vulnerabilities

Approved public versions are listed newest first. Drafts, unsuccessful generation attempts, and versions not yet published through this Research Insight are excluded.

Approved public versions

  1. Version 11

    Initial version: synthesises the reviewed corpus on victim vulnerabilities in relationship‑based online fraud. No prior-version evidence changes to report.

    • Publications: 52 (+1)
    • Evidence statements: 220 (-8)
    • Cited sources: 52 (+1)

    Sources added: A new type of victim? Profiling survivors of modern slavery in the online scam industry in Southeast Asia; Bi-Directional Exploitation of Human Trafficking Victims: Both Targets and Perpetrators in Cybercrime; Catfishing: a conduta de assumir uma identidade falsa nas plataformas de mídia social e suas consequências jurídico-penais; Cyber Romance Scam Victimization Analysis using Routine Activity Theory Versus Apriori Algorithm; and 11 more.

    Sources removed: Do we need to know about cyberscams in neurorehabilitation? A cross-sectional scoping survey of Australasian clinicians and service providers; El timo del amor. Estafas eróticas realizadas por mujeres en Costa Rica entre 1970 y 1990 publicadas en el periódico La República; Epistolary Affect and Romance Scams: Letter from an Unknown Woman; Grooming in online dating romance frauds and scams: A scoping review; and 10 more.

  2. Version 10

    Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 2. Initial version.

    • Publications: 51 (-1)
    • Evidence statements: 228 (-1)
    • Cited sources: 51 (-1)

    Sources removed: Examining fifty cases of convicted online romance fraud offenders.

  3. Version 9

    Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 1. Initial version.

    • Publications: 52 (-4)
    • Evidence statements: 229 (-10)
    • Cited sources: 52 (-4)

    Sources added: Examining fifty cases of convicted online romance fraud offenders.

    Sources removed: Beyond Dollars: Unveiling the Deeper Layers of Online Romance Scams Introducing “Body Scam”; Catfishing: a conduta de assumir uma identidade falsa nas plataformas de mídia social e suas consequências jurídico-penais; Reality Counseling Approach to Increasing Career Woman Awareness (Case Study Love Scam); The Scammers’ Psychological Warfare: A Call to Arms; and 1 more.

  4. Version 8

    Initial version: this synthesis is the first version produced for the controlled topic 'Victim Vulnerabilities' using the supplied reviewed evidence. No prior-version evidence changes were applied.

    • Publications: 56 (+21)
    • Evidence statements: 239 (+85)
    • Cited sources: 56 (+21)

    Sources added: Analysis of "Pig-Butchering Scam" Type of Network Fraud from the Legal Perspective; A Research on False Pragmatic Identity Construction in Telecom Network Dating Scam; A systematic literature review of profiling victims of cyber scams: setting up a framework for future research; Beyond Dollars: Unveiling the Deeper Layers of Online Romance Scams Introducing “Body Scam”; and 24 more.

    Sources removed: A crime script perspective on mapping the entry, continuation, and exit pathways of online romance fraud; Cyber Romance Scam Victimization Analysis using Routine Activity Theory Versus Apriori Algorithm; Online romance scams and victimhood; The online dating romance scam: The psychological impact on victims – both financial and non-financial; and 3 more.

  5. Version 7

    Automated claim-level support repair of 6 passages from synthesis version 6.

  6. Version 6

    Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 2. Initial version.

    • Publications: 35 (+2)
    • Evidence statements: 154 (+4)
    • Cited sources: 35 (+2)

    Sources added: A crime script perspective on mapping the entry, continuation, and exit pathways of online romance fraud; Pig Butchering Scams as Cyber-Enabled Financial Crime: A Scoping Review of Dimensions, Modus Operandi, and Victim-Offender Dynamics.

  7. Version 5

    Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 1. Initial version: no prior synthesis changes to report.

    • Publications: 33 (-4)
    • Evidence statements: 150 (-13)
    • Cited sources: 33 (-4)

    Sources removed: Online-Dating Romance Scam in Malaysia: An Analysis of Online Conversations between Scammers and Victims; Online Dating Scam Victims Psychological Impact Analysis; Reality Counseling Approach to Increasing Career Woman Awareness (Case Study Love Scam); The Imperfect ‘Perfect’ Fraudster: Exploring How Vulnerability Framing, Fraudster Identity, and Victim Attachment Shape Financial Risk Perception.

  8. Version 4

    Initial version: synthesises the supplied reviewed evidence (qualitative, quantitative, offender‑facing, corpus, and review studies) on victim vulnerabilities in relationship‑based online fraud. No prior-version changes are reported.

    • Publications: 37 (-62)
    • Evidence statements: 163 (-193)
    • Cited sources: 37 (-62)

    Sources added: More than Money: Examining the Potential Exposure of Romance Fraud Victims to Identity Crime; Profiling consumers who reported mass marketing scams: demographic characteristics and emotional sentiments associated with victimization; The Frames of Romance Scamming; The victimology of online fraud: A focus on romance fraud victimisation; and 2 more.

    Sources removed: A crime script perspective on mapping the entry, continuation, and exit pathways of online romance fraud; A Juridical Review of Love Scam Crimes from the Perspective of Criminal Law and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law in Indonesia; Amor, dependencia y aislamiento: El impacto psicológico del romance scam; Analysis of "Pig-Butchering Scam" Type of Network Fraud from the Legal Perspective; and 64 more.

  9. Version 3

    Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 2. Initial synthesis compiled from the provided reviewed evidence; the present version replaces prior draft claims with sections that are tightly anchored to supplied evidence, avoiding unsupported generalizations. It emphasizes consistent patterns (loneliness, relationship-seeking, targeted grooming), documented targeting practices, and engagement dynamics, while clearly marking methodological limitations and evidence gaps. It maintains balanced conc...

    • Publications: 99 (-12)
    • Evidence statements: 356 (-26)
    • Cited sources: 99 (-12)

    Sources removed: Beyond Dollars: Unveiling the Deeper Layers of Online Romance Scams Introducing “Body Scam”; Examining fifty cases of convicted online romance fraud offenders; Explore the Causes of Crime and Social Impact of Romance Fraud in Mainland China from 2019–2021; Induced erotomania by online romance fraud - a novel form of de Clérambault’s syndrome; and 8 more.

  10. Version 2

    Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 1. This is the initial version of the evidence synthesis for the topic Victim Vulnerabilities. The synthesis aggregates supported findings across multiple evidence IDs, outlines areas of agreement and uncertainty, identifies methodological patterns and limitations, and highlights gaps and directions for future research. No unsupported claims were introduced beyond those grounded in the attached evidence set.

    • Publications: 111 (-1)
    • Evidence statements: 382 (-1)
    • Cited sources: 111 (-1)

    Sources removed: Profiling consumers who reported mass marketing scams: demographic characteristics and emotional sentiments associated with victimization.

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