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Understanding the Nature of the Transnational Scam-Related Fraud: Challenges and Solutions from Vietnam’s Perspective

Luong, Hai Thanh ; Ngo, Hieu Minh (2024) — Laws

DOI: 10.3390/laws13060070
Type:   Journal Article
Country:   Australia
Tags:   offender tactics, law enforcement, platform policy, AI misuse, prevention, cross-cultural, pig-butchering, transnational scam fraud, forced criminality, human trafficking, crime scripts, social media scams, Vietnam, Cambodia

Synopsis (AI-Generated)

Qualitative case-based analysis combining primary and secondary materials. Primary sources included a 2022-2023 GASA report on Vietnam, case materials from the second author's personal database, and observations shared at 2023-2024 workshops and conferences. Secondary sources included Vietnamese gray literature, newspapers, social media, and online media. The study identifies eight scam categories, including high-profit investments, fake jobs, romance dating, gambling, loan scams, impersonation, malware, and phishing. Scammers prevent victims from withdrawing larger deposits by claiming system errors, wrong account details, or incomplete tasks. Evidence on senior Chinese organizers is limited because few have been arrested or prosecuted in Vietnam, scam networks relocate after disruption, and mutual legal assistance is limited.

Identified Gaps (AI-Generated)

The paper identifies little local-level evidence on the convergence of human trafficking and cyber-enabled crime, despite regional reports. It reports a lack of empirical research focused on individual Southeast Asian countries, limiting comparison of pig-butchering compound characteristics. It also notes few in-depth studies of technology's role in cross-border scam fraud affecting Vietnam.

Methods (AI-Generated)

Qualitative case-based analysis combining primary and secondary materials. Primary sources included a 2022–2023 GASA report on Vietnam, case materials from the second author's personal database, and observations shared at 2023–2024 workshops and conferences. Secondary sources included Vietnamese gray literature, newspapers, social media, and online media. The study used crime-script analysis and Draw.io visualization to describe scam processes and enterprise structure.

Limitations (AI-Generated)

Evidence on senior Chinese organizers is limited because few have been arrested or prosecuted in Vietnam, scam networks relocate after disruption, and mutual legal assistance is limited. The authors cannot legally confirm top organizers' specific activities or exact locations. Their records also do not establish ethnic targeting motives, and observations about ethnic-minority risk are not definitive. The study did not examine the political-economy/online-scam-operation hypothesis.

Future Work (AI-Generated)

Conduct empirical, country-level research on pig-butchering compounds to enable comparison across Southeast Asia. Examine the untested relationship between political economy and online scam operations. Develop comprehensive technology-focused reports and analyses to clarify scale and inform anti-trafficking initiatives. The authors also invite collaboration to improve strategies and solutions.

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AI-Generated Content Notice

The synopsis and research notes on this page were generated with AI from available publication information and, when available, the uploaded paper text. They may contain errors, omissions, or interpretation issues. Readers should follow the DOI or source link, review the original publication, and make their own judgment about the content.

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