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Devices of Textual Illusion: Victimization in Romance Scam E-Letters

Dreijers, G. ; Rudziša, V. (2020) — Research in Language

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DOI: 10.18778/1731-7533.18.1.01 (opens in a new tab)

Type:   Journal Article
Country:   Latvia
Tags:   AI-Enabled Fraud, Antconc, Cross Cultural, E Letters, Facebook, Financial Extortion, Forensic Linguistics, Linguistic Deception, Linguopsychological Devices, Online Dating, Psychology, Romance Scams, Scam Letters, Textual Analysis, Trust Manipulation, Victim Experience
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Synopsis

            
The study qualitatively analysed seven romance-scam letter sets, each containing 18-23 letters; two were mock correspondences in which the authors responded to unsolicited Facebook messages. It compared these sets with samples from romancescam.org, used structural reduction to identify micro- and macrostructural features and functional scam stages, and used AntConc to plot high-frequency lexemes. The authors report that persuasion, flattery, trust appeals, and appeals to bonding, greed, and altruism were common scam devices. Cross-letter linguistic and structural similarities may be used as warning templates against sharing personal information or engaging in suspicious financial schemes. The evidence is based on only seven letter sets, including two researcher-created mock exchanges, so findings may not represent the full diversity of scams, platforms, languages, offenders, or victim experiences.

          

        
                  

            
Identified Gaps

            
The paper identifies relatively little focus on language-design patterns in romance-scam research, which has traditionally emphasized victims’ mental consequences, prevalence, prevention, and the scam process. It also calls for additional study of linguistic patterns, offender intent, and detrimental mental outcomes.

          

        
                  

            
Methods

            
The study qualitatively analysed seven romance-scam letter sets, each containing 18–23 letters; two were mock correspondences in which the authors responded to unsolicited Facebook messages. It compared these sets with samples from romancescam.org, used structural reduction to identify micro- and macrostructural features and functional scam stages, and used AntConc to plot high-frequency lexemes. The researchers disclosed their identity when scammers requested money.

          

        
                  

            
Limitations

            
The evidence is based on only seven letter sets, including two researcher-created mock exchanges, so findings may not represent the full diversity of scams, platforms, languages, offenders, or victim experiences. Analysis focuses on textual content and formal properties rather than verified victim outcomes or actual financial transfers. The authors’ deliberate participation may also differ from naturally occurring victim correspondence.

          

        
                  

            
Future Work

            
Further study should examine scammers’ linguistic patterns, malicious intent, and detrimental mental outcomes through active international interdisciplinary collaboration. The authors link this work to increased awareness of threats in global e-communication and safer social-media interaction.

          

              

    
    

        
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