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Living Evidence Synthesis

Revision history

Attack Methods and Offender Strategies

Approved public versions are listed newest first. Drafts, unsuccessful generation attempts, and versions not yet published through this Research Insight are excluded.

Approved public versions

  1. Version 104

    Current public version

    Incremental evidence update. Broaden the financial framing to sexual coercion and offline extortion, distinguish other catfishing motives, and add purchased identifying data as a preparatory route. Preserve unrelated accepted passages and population limits.

    • Publications: 37 (+3)
    • Evidence statements: 328 (+11)
    • Cited sources: 37 (+3)

    Sources added: "Society Encourages the Killing of Girls Like Me": Layers of Victimization in Online Dating Romance Scams in Iran That Target Sexual Access Over Financial Gain; Catfishing: A Look into Online Dating and Impersonation; Cyber-enabled imposter scams against older adults in the United States; Gay Dating Platforms, Crimes, and Harms in India: New Directions for Research and Theory; and 1 more.

    Sources removed: Neutralizations, Altercasting, and Online Romance Fraud Victimizations; The cyber-industrialization of catfishing and romance fraud.

  2. Version 103

    Incremental evidence update. A targeted update should add the documented online-to-offline pathway without presenting it as typical of all romance fraud. In the Indian case set, 25 of 35 cases had sufficient evidence of a physical-setting transition; public and private encounters involved different reported forms of pressure or harm. These findings extend the payment-centered account but do not overturn the staged social-engineering synthesis. Preserve the case-based, reported nature of the evid...

  3. Version 102

    Incremental evidence update. A targeted update should add the documented online-to-offline pathway without presenting it as typical of all romance fraud. In the Indian case set, 25 of 35 cases had sufficient evidence of a physical-setting transition; public and private encounters involved different reported forms of pressure or harm. These findings extend the payment-centered account but do not overturn the staged social-engineering synthesis. Preserve the case-based, reported nature of the evid...

    • Publications: 34 (+2)
    • Evidence statements: 317 (+15)
    • Cited sources: 34 (+2)

    Sources added: A Study on Romance Scam: The Current Situation and Effective Countermeasures; Knowledge and Protective Practice Towards Love Scam Among Female Facebook Users in Malaysia.

  4. Version 101

    Incremental evidence update. A targeted update should add the documented online-to-offline pathway without presenting it as typical of all romance fraud. In the Indian case set, 25 of 35 cases had sufficient evidence of a physical-setting transition; public and private encounters involved different reported forms of pressure or harm. These findings extend the payment-centered account but do not overturn the staged social-engineering synthesis. Preserve the case-based, reported nature of the evid...

    • Publications: 32 (+2)
    • Evidence statements: 302 (+10)
    • Cited sources: 32 (+2)

    Sources added: Examining fifty cases of convicted online romance fraud offenders; Romance Fraud in India: A Qualitative Study of Online–Offline Transitions in the Digital Dating Ecosystem.

    The approved evidence set changed while the cited-source list remained the same.

  5. Version 100

    Automated claim-level support repair round 1, correcting 5 passages from synthesis version 99.

  6. Version 99

    Automated evidence-grounded revision attempt 1. Initial version: complete replacement synthesis produced. This is the initial compiled version for the controlled topic and therefore no previous-version evidence changes are reported.

    • Publications: 30 (-1)
    • Evidence statements: 292 (+3)
    • Cited sources: 30 (-1)

    Sources added: Exploring the roles played by trust and technology in the online investment fraud victimisation process.

    Sources removed: Online Romance Scammers; The dynamic emotional experience of online fraud victims during the process of being defrauded: A text-based analysis.

  7. Version 98

    Initial version synthesizing the supplied, reviewed evidence. No prior-version evidence changes are reported because this is the first generated synthesis provided for the current controlled topic.

    • Publications: 31 (+8)
    • Evidence statements: 289 (+42)
    • Cited sources: 31 (+8)

    Sources added: Analysis of a Cryptocurrency Investment Scam: Pig Butchering; Analyzing Modern Scam Typologies: From Pig-Butchering and Nigerian Advance-Fee Fraud to Crypto Airdrop Schemes; A new type of victim? Profiling survivors of modern slavery in the online scam industry in Southeast Asia; Butcher or be butchered: understanding the unwitting recruitment by cybercrime groups in China; and 11 more.

    Sources removed: Analysis of "Pig-Butchering Scam" Type of Network Fraud from the Legal Perspective; A scoping review of online romance scams: Conceptual construction and comparative analysis; Exploring the roles played by trust and technology in the online investment fraud victimisation process; Online-Dating Romance Scam in Malaysia: An Analysis of Online Conversations between Scammers and Victims; and 3 more.

  8. Version 97

    Automated claim-level support repair round 3, correcting 1 passage from synthesis version 96.

  9. Version 96

    Automated claim-level support repair round 2, correcting 1 passage from synthesis version 95.

  10. Version 95

    Automated claim-level support repair round 1, correcting 7 passages from synthesis version 94.

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