Skip to main content

A Juridical Review of Love Scam Crimes from the Perspective of Criminal Law and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law in Indonesia

Original title: TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP KEJAHATAN LOVE SCAM DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA DAN UNDANG UNDANG INFORMASI DAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK DI INDONESIA

Document language: Indonesian. English title translated for RSRC.

Idul Adnan (2025) — AL-BALAD : Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara dan Politik Islam

View Original Source (opens in a new tab)

DOI: 10.59259/ab.v5i1.246 (opens in a new tab)

Type:   Journal Article
Country:   Indonesia
Tags:   AI-Enabled Fraud, Criminal Law, Cybercrime, Digital Literacy, Indonesia, Ite Law, Love Scam, Psychology, Restitution, Romance Scams, Uu Ite, Victim Protection
What do these research terms mean?
Preprint
A manuscript shared before formal peer review and publication. Check whether a later published version is available.
Dataset
A collection of data or examples for others to inspect or reuse. It can appear in Library search and topic mapping, but RSRC does not use dataset records as evidence in Research Insights.
Dissertation or thesis
Research submitted for an academic degree. This describes its format, not its reliability.
Journal article
An article published in a journal. This label alone does not establish peer review, study quality, or how well the findings apply elsewhere.
Qualitative research
Examines experiences, meanings, or processes, often through interviews or observations. It can explain how something happens without estimating how common it is.
Quantitative research
Uses numerical measurements to describe patterns or test relationships. A relationship between two measurements does not by itself show that one causes the other.
Systematic review
Uses a planned, documented method to find and assess research addressing a question. Its conclusions still depend on the included studies and what the search covered.
Meta-analysis
Statistically combines results from multiple studies. Combining studies does not remove weaknesses in their design or make unlike populations interchangeable.
Not classified
This record has no recognized label in this filter. It does not mean the publication used no method, or that no research exists.

Definitions draw on DataCite resource types; Cochrane review methods; NLM: association and causation. RSRC’s dataset and classification rules are explained in our methodology.

Citation tools
Download RIS Download BibTeX 


              
              

            

          

        


      

      

    

        
Transparency

        
Evidence and review status

        
This page contains AI-generated content. Human review is recorded for the synopsis only; no human review is recorded for the other AI research notes, and no subject-matter-expert review is recorded.

    


    

                    

                
Source basis

                

                    Downloaded PDF
                

            

                    

                
Source updates

                

                    No notice found at last check
                

            

                    

                
AI-generated page content

                

                    Yes
                

            

                    

                
Automated checks

                

                    Editor override
                

            

                    

                
Administrative approval

                

                    Yes
                

            

                    

                
Human content review

                

                    Synopsis only
                

            

                    

                
Subject-matter-expert review

                

                    Not recorded
                

            

            


    

        
            How this was prepared
        
        

                            

                    
Source basis

                    

                    
RSRC downloaded and privately stored a copy of the paper for internal analysis. The PDF is not offered to viewers from this page.


                                            
    
                                                            
  • 
                                    PDF added to RSRC:
                                    
                                
    • 
                                                    

                    
                                        

                

                            

                    
Source updates

                    

                    
No incoming update notice was found in the dated Crossref response. Coverage is incomplete, particularly for corrections and expressions of concern; this is not a guarantee that the source is valid or unchanged.


                                            
    
                                                            
  • 
                                    Last source-status attempt:
                                    
                                
    • 
                                                    

                    
                                        

                

                            

                    
AI-generated page content

                    

                    
AI-generated research notes displayed on this page: Synopsis, Identified gaps, Methods, Limitations, Future work. The paper itself is not described as AI-generated.


                                            
    
                                                            
  • 
                                    Document analysis recorded:
                                    
                                
    • 
                                                            
  • 
                                    Page record updated:
                                    
                                
    • 
                                                    

                    
                                        

                

                            

                    
Automated checks

                    

                    
The automated gate raised issues. An authenticated editor approved this exact synopsis for display.


                                            
    
                                                            
  • 
                                    Automated check recorded:
                                    
                                
    • 
                                                            
  • 
                                    Editor decision recorded:
                                    
                                
    • 
                                                    

                    
                                            

                            
                                View issues reviewed (1)
                            
                            
    
                                                                    
  • The source does not appear to be English, so lexical source matching requires editorial review.
    • 
                                                            

                        

                                        

                

                            

                    
Administrative approval

                    

                    
The record is approved for public display, but a complete historical administrator action is not recorded.


                    
                                        

                

                            

                    
Human content review

                    

                    
An authenticated editor reviewed the displayed synopsis. No human review is recorded for the other AI-generated research notes.


                                            
    
                                                            
  • 
                                    Human review recorded:
                                    
                                
    • 
                                                    

                    
                                        

                

                            

                    
Subject-matter-expert review

                    

                    
RSRC has not recorded review of this content by a subject-matter or methods expert.


                    
                                        

                

                    

    


    

        Review-state definitions

        Found a possible error?
        Request a correction.
    



    



              

        
                  

            
Synopsis

            
This is a normative/doctrinal legal study. It systematically examines positive legal norms, legal principles, and relevant legal doctrine concerning the handling of love scams in Indonesia, focusing on criminal law and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE). When conducted through electronic media, the paper considers love-scam offenders chargeable under Article 28(1) in conjunction with Article 45A(1) of the ITE Law. Love scams involve establishing a false online romantic relationship to obtain financial gain or victims' personal information. The study is doctrinal rather than empirical, so it does not present original victim, offender, police, court, or platform data.

          

        
                  

            
Identified Gaps

            
Indonesia has no law specifically regulating love scams. The paper identifies inadequate victim protection in practice: limited compensation/restitution, low legal and digital literacy, stigma-driven underreporting, limited investigator technical capacity, and weak international cooperation against cross-border offenders. Existing KUHP provisions are described as insufficient for the crime’s full technical and digital dimensions.

          

        
                  

            
Methods

            
This is a normative/doctrinal legal study. It systematically examines positive legal norms, legal principles, and relevant legal doctrine concerning the handling of love scams in Indonesia, focusing on criminal law and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE). It compares applicability of the old KUHP, the new KUHP (Law No. 1/2023), and the UU ITE to love-scam conduct and victim protection.

          

        
                  

            
Limitations

            
The study is doctrinal rather than empirical, so it does not present original victim, offender, police, court, or platform data. Its assessment of reporting, enforcement capacity, victim harms, and case escalation is therefore based on legal analysis and cited background rather than measured outcomes. The discussion also indicates practical enforcement barriers, particularly false identities, overseas offenders, and foreign servers, but does not evaluate their frequency or the effectiveness of specific responses.

          

        
                  

            
Future Work

            
Evaluate how restorative measures, restitution, and victim-support mechanisms can be implemented for love-scam victims. Assess mass digital legal-literacy education and stronger cross-border enforcement coordination to improve reporting, detection, and case handling.

          

              

    
    

        
Related Research Insights

        

            See how this publication connects to RSRC's living evidence syntheses through current citations and research-topic mapping.