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Burla romântica: Em torno de um conceito de vitimação

Ana Guerreiro ; Luís Costa ; Ana Teresa Carneiro ; Olga Souza Cruz (2024) — Cadernos do Arquivo Municipal

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DOI: 10.48751/cam-2024-22380 (opens in a new tab)

Country:   Portugal
Tags:   Cybercrime, Online Dating, Portuguese Criminal Law, Psychological Harm, Romance Scams, Social Engineering, Victim Support, Victimization
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Synopsis

            
This publication examines romantic fraud as an emerging criminological phenomenon, aiming to enhance understanding of how virtual social relationships are used to deceive and exploit victims. It situates the crime at the intersection of legal structures, social dynamics, and criminal mechanisms, with a focus on the underlying victimization processes within a false romantic relationship designed to obtain illicit economic gains. The authors frame romantic fraud as a form of social engineering that leverages online dating platforms and the aura of intimate connection to manipulate victims, stressing that the crimes extend beyond financial loss to psychological, emotional, and social harm. Methodologically, the article relies on a comprehensive literature review complemented by national and international statistics to illustrate the scope and characteristics of the phenomenon. It discusses the transnational nature of cybercrime, the ease of creating fake online personas, and the ways in which online spaces enable rapid, intimate interactions that can reduce detection and control by authorities. The piece highlights the growth of online fraud globally and in Portugal, referencing FBI and Portuguese security reports to illustrate trends. It also assesses the distinctive features of romance fraud, including its dependence on deception within a purported relationship and its differential impact on victims compared with other forms of fraud. In its discussion of implications, the article argues for a multifaceted policy and practice response, including victim awareness, psychosocial support, and potential legal avenues specific to romance fraud. It concludes that addressing this evolving crime requires coordinated efforts across criminology, law, technology, and psychology, while remaining grounded in the evidence available from criminological literature and official reports.

          

        
                  

            
Identified Gaps

            
The article identifies limited theoretical recognition and investment in romance fraud research. It calls for more focused characterization of the offense’s particular features and dynamics, as well as assessment of whether current Portuguese criminal law adequately protects victims. The discussion also indicates a need for integrated evidence spanning prevention, criminal justice, psychosocial support, technology, and psychology.

          

        
                  

            
Methods

            
This is a narrative, comprehensive literature review supplemented by discussion of Portuguese and international statistics. It also provides a doctrinal overview of Portuguese fraud law and synthesizes prior research on romance-fraud tactics, victim vulnerability, impacts, reporting barriers, and response needs.

          

        
                  

            
Limitations

            
The paper does not report original empirical data collection, a systematic search protocol, inclusion criteria, or a formal quality appraisal of cited research. Its claims mainly synthesize prior literature and selected administrative statistics, so it cannot independently estimate prevalence, causal risk factors, or intervention effectiveness.

          

        
                  

            
Future Work

            
Conduct focused research characterizing the specific features and dynamics of romance fraud. Develop structured, comprehensive responses through coordination among criminology, law, technology, and psychology. Assess whether Portuguese criminal law adequately protects victims and whether a specific offense for romance fraud is needed.

          

              

    
    

        
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