The convergence of online connectivity and increasingly capable artificial intelligence has transformed how people form and maintain relationships. Against this backdrop, online romance fraud has emerged as a notable cybercrime. In this paradigm, perpetrators construct deceptive personas to present themselves as legitimate romantic partners within digital environments, targeting unsuspecting individuals. The fraudsters exploit emotional vulnerabilities, trust, and the perceived anonymity of online interactions to obtain financial gain and extract personal information. As AI algorithms become more sophisticated, bad actors gain access to tools that enable them to craft more convincing and lifelike personas, thereby raising the success rate of these schemes. The article sets out to examine the developing patterns of online romance fraud and to assess how the broader integration of AI into the digital landscape may be shaping these criminal activities. This work investigates the techniques employed by fraudsters, the psychological and emotional manipulation tactics used, and how AI reinforces deceptive practices. It also analyzes the social and economic contexts that contribute to victims’ vulnerability, highlighting the human dimensions of the crime. In addition, the study considers potential responses to this threat, including technological and regulatory measures designed to detect and prevent online romance fraud. Proposed countermeasures encompass developing AI-based fraud-detection systems, expanding public awareness, and promoting responsible online behavior among users. By exploring these elements, the research aims to illuminate how fraudsters operate and how societies might respond to reduce harm. This study relies on a synthesis of existing literature, real-world case analyses, and insights drawn from professionals in cybersecurity and AI. Through a comprehensive review, the article endeavors to present a balanced, evidence-backed account of online romance fraud and its relationship to AI innovations, offering implications for policy, practice, and further inquiry.